JACKSON AVW (1938) The fresh new character regarding Mani, brand new founder off Manichaeism

Haj, Handicap in the Antiquity, q

Log of your own Western Oriental Society 58: 235-forty. Going representations away from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Le, try talked about, that have idea of customs listed by the al-Nadim (composing c. 987 Ce) that Mani are lame both in ft or even in their best leg. One to tradition was supported by retranslation of a term when you look at the new Pahlavi Denkart (step three.two hundred, 1-13) (select Dinkard, above), using the label ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ in order to Mani (look for less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).

Here, according to Michael Dols, he talked about “physical infirmities such as for instance surface disorders, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and personal properties including baldness, leanness, and you may ugliness

Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The Lepers, the newest Lame, the Blind, therefore the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) are a respected, important and somewhat unattractive writer that have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), from the Basra (today inside Iraq), whose works might have been much cited over the Arab industry. ” Their point were to show that “actual infirmities and you will peculiarities don’t hinder just one off are a totally active person in brand new Muslim community otherwise pub your out of essential offices. Al-Jahiz handled you to bodily ailments aren’t personal stigmas however they are what can be called signs of divine blessing otherwise prefer.” (Yards Dols, 1983, The fresh new leper inside the Medieval Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, into p. 901) Even after his or her own connection with negative social responses, al-Jahiz in one of his better-understood works, ‘The Secret out of Creation’, authored harshly about social areas of deafness. Besides the deaf individuals death of sounds, “Everyone is bored stiff within his providers in which he is a weight in it. He is struggling to pay attention to all man’s https://internationalwomen.net/tr/kiev-kizlar/ reports and you will conversations. Even in the event establish it is like he was indeed absent, and even though alive it’s as if he was basically lifeless.” (cited of the F. v., p. 159). Select second facts. An alternate commentator notes you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is one of tough works by Jahiz, and its particular procedure is nearly novel into the historic Arabic books. (Here doesn’t appear to be an English interpretation offered at present).

JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime from inside the Ancient India since the Represented regarding Jain Canons. Bombay: The Publication Providers. Problems and you can treatment, and various disabilities, regarding Jaina offer (pp. 178-81). Individuals with disabilities, together with intellectual retardation, was omitted away from signing up for religious orders (194). Pick Tattvartha Sutra, below; along with next one or two issues).

[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated off Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you may 1895), SBE 22 & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The newest SBE collection utilized a keen italicised ‘G’ instead of ‘J’, needless to say grounds. Right here ‘Gaina’ could have been reinserted in the regular alphabetical order having benefits.] – The new Akaranga Sutra (when you look at the vol. I), out-of even the fifth century Ce, gave instruction for an excellent holy and you can innocuous lives. Handicap and you will handicap are available, e.grams. “to your deterioration of your thinking of ear canal, attention, organs out-of smell, tasting, pressing, men will get conscious of the newest decline off life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruit regarding completely wrong serves within the prior to life is: “Comes and you will leprosy, use, falling infection, blindness and you will firmness, lameness and humpbackedness, Dropsy and you can dumbness, search! apoplexy (?) and vision-situation, shaking and you will crippledness, elephantiasis and diabetic issues, They are 16 sickness enumerated during the owed buy; and all of them of several ailments and you can injuries exists.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) step 1.] But really proper-inclined someone is always to take the time to fool around with inoffensive words whenever conference a person with for example standards. They “shouldn’t chat ones in this way: ‘He has comes otherwise leprosy, an such like [adding this new terms and conditions revealed significantly more than]; their give try slashed, or his base, nostrils, ear canal, lip are cut.’ To own just like the every such people, spoken in order to in such vocabulary, be frustrated, and therefore, considering well, they must perhaps not speak to all of them this kind of code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The latest Uttaradhyayana Sutra (inside Vol. II) together with notes impairment that have age, “If the human anatomy grows dated, plus locks transforms white, the efficacy of the ears decreases”, likewise into the attention, nostrils, tongue, touch (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – Brand new Sutrakritanga Sutra (for the Vol. II) states in passageway brand new “blind-produced people” (p. 243), and you will “dudes whom walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after wedding try cautioned of your awful disablement out of that condition: becoming purchased in the off start right up until midnight by partner, and the remainder of the night calming babies and you may washing its nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks just who be a part of erotic delights is promised nonetheless tough pains once they perish; and they “might possibly be born deaf and dumb, or blind [footnote: either blind from the delivery, otherwise seriously stupid otherwise ignorant], or dumb by birth.” (p. 363; equivalent into pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and dos (7)].